For a lover of nature, is commonly wrestle with nature either natural or natural mountain wilderness. In wrestling with nature, especially the mountainous nature, a nature lover it is proper to know the map that describes the physical condition of the mountains. Because by using the map a little more will help in a good way of climbing activities or at the time to study the orientation field.
Basic principles that must be known for field orientation:
1. Understanding maps
Maps used for field orientation is a topographic map, a map that presents an overview of the earth's surface relief. Relief earth depicted on topographic maps in the form of horizontal lines called contour lines. Or in other words contour lines are lines connecting places at the same height. What must be understood in reading topographic maps are interpreted contour line forms correctly, whether it be the formation of the ridge, valley, ravine, river, so that will be able to obtain information about the high and low a place, form, depth, slope estimates, and so forth. This case was ruled as an absolute basic in orientation.
No less important is to understand the scale of the map. This is important, because of the scale of the map will be known to the comparison between the conditions on the map with the actual field conditions. Example: Scale 1: 25,000; means 1 cm on the map together with 250 yards on the actual terrain. Furthermore, the scale of the map, contour line with the actual field can be compared. So more or less will be able to interpret the situation, so we are not mistaken in the field orientation. Because sometimes we think the area depicted in map (the contour), was not reflected because of wrong in comparing the scale of the map with terrain conditions. Example: a scale of 1: 25,000 which means 1 cm on the map together with 250 yards on the actual terrain. At some point we passed a small ridge
We have estimated that by crossing the ridge that means has changed contour. Though the condition of the ridge was still less than 50 meters. Means we have the wrong orientation. That it is this which must be understood, for the smallest orientation errors can be avoided.
2. Understanding the Compass
Compass commonly used in orientation there are 2 types, namely:
a. Compass type prism viewfinder
b. Compass orientation (compass Silva)
Basically, both the compass has the same function, namely:
Knowing the direction
In the horizontal position, the compass needle will always point north. In accordance with Earth's magnetic north.
Shoot a target
With prismatic compass, if we want to know how much angle the compass from the position we stand to target shoot. The amount of angle shooting will immediately be known. Whereas there is little difference Silva compass with prismatic compass, this compass is on target when we shoot, the angles can not direct our compass reading. Rather it should be with first adjustment is to rotate the dish so that the distribution of the degree of adjustment arrows or mark "N" (North) can be aligned with the north compass needle. So the angles are known,
3. Understanding the Compass Map
Before entering the field that we really need to know and understand the signs of terrain on the map. For example the name of the hill, river, ravine, and so forth. Details on this can be known with reading information on a map or may be asked to
in the population.
The next step is the orientation map. The orientation of the map is to express a map or in other words, adjusting the location map with the actual landscape we face. Step by step in the orientation map are:
a. With prismatic compass
1. Put the map on a flat field
2. Spread the compass on the map
3. Link hairline on the compass and thumb notch on the ring with the Y axis map
4. Slide / rotary position rotate the map without a compass, a compass needle to the hair line parallel to the Y axis map.
b. With compass Silva
1. Put the map on a flat field
2. Set the plate compass with degree distribution at position 0 °, then put it on the map
3. Link arrow adjustment, adjustment line, help lines, so that parallel to the Y axis map.
4. Sliding / swivel rotate the map without changing the position of the compass until the compass needle with the arrow parallel to the axis Y to customize the map.
When all stages have been carried out correctly, the map has been oriented.
4. Understanding How Plotting on Map
Plotting is
Draw or make a point on the map
Make a line on the map
Drawing / make certain signs on the map Plotting useful to help us in reading the map.
An example of plotting on a map:
T • 846
1301
Wana Demit team in the position coordinates at point A (3986:6360), 1400 m above sea level. SMC ordered the squad Wana Demit order to coordinate T (402D: 6268)
1301 m above sea level.
Step by step in plotting on a map:
1. Plotting the coordinates of T on the map by using the connector.
The reading of coordinates starting from the X axis first, then a new axis Y. (X, Y).
T (4020: 6286)
2. Plotting the corner of the map from A to T
Pull the line from A to T
Measure of angle A to T from point A to the AT line with protractor / compass orientation
The reading corner using the Azimuth system (0360 °) clockwise.
This angle is useful to orient the direction from A to T.
3. Interpretation of the map to determine an efficient path from A to T.
This interpretation can be a straight line or a winding trail to follow form, the form of river or ridge. It should be understood very well in line shape contour lines.
4. Plotting trajectories and estimate travel time factors affecting travel time:
Slope
path length
circumstances and field conditions (dense forest, thorn bush, desert sand, or rocky).
Average weather conditions
The timing of the (morning, afternoon, or evening)
physical and mental condition and the equipment which was taken
5. Moving from A toward the T
Note: before moving again make it a habit to check all existing conditions.
Vivat et Floreat '
compass prima
name parts
1. compass box with the distribution of wind direction and rubber ring
2. glass compass which can be played with the distribution of degrees
3. plate illuminated by a line which marks and hairline
4. guidelines which luminous
5. compass ring with the distribution of degrees and distinguished luminous compass needle
6. glass bangles of copper
7. compass with a glass lid, hairline, which marks the line on lip shine protector
8. protective glass
9. screw clamps
10. prism which can be set, with a hole saw and a thumb ring with a notch
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